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- *visual.txt* For Vim version 5.0. Last modification: 1998 Feb 07
-
-
- VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
-
-
- Visual mode *Visual-mode* *visual-mode*
-
- Visual mode is a flexible and easy way to select a piece of text for an
- operator. It is the only way to select a block of text.
-
- 1. Using Visual mode |visual-use|
- 2. Starting and stopping Visual mode |visual-start|
- 3. Changing the Visual area |visual-change|
- 4. Operating on the Visual area |visual-operators|
- 5. Repeating |visual-repeat|
- 6. Examples |visual-examples|
-
- {Vi has no Visual mode, the name "visual" is used for Normal mode, to
- distinguish it from Ex mode}
-
- ==============================================================================
- 1. Using Visual mode *visual-use*
-
- Using Visual mode consists of three parts:
- 1. Mark the start of the text with "v", "V" or CTRL-V.
- The character under the cursor will be used as the start.
- 2. Move to the end of the text.
- The text from the start of the Visual mode up to and including the
- character under the cursor is highlighted.
- 3. Hit an operator.
- The highlighted characters will be operated upon.
-
- The 'highlight' option can be used to set the display mode to use for
- highlighting in Visual mode.
-
- The highlighted text includes the character under the cursor. On terminals
- where it is possible to make the cursor invisible the cursor position is
- also highlighted. On terminals where this is not possible the cursor is
- displayed normally. If your cursor cannot be made invisible and you want Vim
- to highlight the character under the cursor anyway, you could set the 't_cv'
- and 't_ci' options to something harmless, for example:
- > :set t_cv=^[^[ t_ci=^[^[
-
- With "v" the text before the start position and after the end position will
- not be highlighted. However, All uppercase and non-alpha operators, except
- "~", will work on whole lines anyway. See the list of operators below.
-
- *visual-block*
- With CTRL-V (blockwise Visual mode) the highlighted text will be a rectangle
- between start position and the cursor. However, some operators work on whole
- lines anyway (see the list below). The change and substitute operators will
- delete the highlighted text and then start insertion at the top left
- position.
-
- ==============================================================================
- 2. Starting and stopping Visual mode *visual-start*
-
- *v* *characterwise-visual*
- v start Visual mode per character.
-
- *V* *linewise-visual*
- V start Visual mode linewise.
-
- *CTRL-V* *blockwise-visual*
- CTRL-V start Visual mode blockwise.
-
- If you use <Esc>, click the left mouse button or use any command that
- does a jump to another buffer while in Visual mode, the highlighting stops
- and no text is affected. Also when you hit "v" in characterwise Visual mode,
- "CTRL-V" in blockwise Visual mode or "V" in linewise Visual mode. If you hit
- CTRL-Z the highlighting stops and the editor is suspended or a new shell is
- started |CTRL-Z|.
-
- new mode after typing: *v_v* *v_CTRL-V* *v_V*
- old mode "v" "CTRL-V" "V" ~
-
- Normal Visual blockwise Visual linewise Visual
- Visual Normal blockwise Visual linewise Visual
- blockwise Visual Visual Normal linewise Visual
- linewise Visual Visual blockwise Visual Normal
-
- *gv* *v_gv*
- gv Start Visual mode with the same area as the previous
- area and the same mode. In Visual mode the current and
- the previous Visual area are exchanged.
-
- *<LeftMouse>*
- <LeftMouse> Set the current cursor position. If Visual mode is
- active it is stopped. Only when 'mouse' option is
- contains 'n' or 'a'. If the position is within 'so'
- lines from the last line on the screen the text is
- scrolled up. If the position is within 'so' lines from
- the first line on the screen the text is scrolled
- down.
-
- *<RightMouse>*
- <RightMouse> Start Visual mode if it is not active. The text from
- the cursor position to the position of the click is
- highlighted. If Visual mode was already active move
- the start or end of the highlighted text, which ever
- is closest, to the position of the click. Only when
- 'mouse' option contains 'n' or 'a'.
-
- *<LeftRelease>*
- <LeftRelease> This works like a <LeftMouse>, if it is not a
- the same position as <LeftMouse>. In an xterm you
- won't see the selected area until the button is
- released. Only when 'mouse' option contains 'n' or
- 'a'.
-
- If Visual mode is not active and the "v", "V" or CTRL-V is preceded with a
- count, the size of the previously highlighted area is used for a start. You
- can then move the end of the highlighted area and give an operator. The type
- of the old area is used (character, line or blockwise).
- - Linewise Visual mode: The number of lines is multiplied with the count.
- - Blockwise Visual mode: The number of lines and columns is multiplied with
- the count.
- - Normal Visual mode within one line: The number of characters is multiplied
- with the count.
- - Normal Visual mode with several lines: The number of lines is multiplied
- with the count, in the last line the same number of characters is used as
- in the last line in the previously highlighted area.
- The start of the text is the Cursor position. If the "$" command was used as
- one of the last commands to extend the highlighted text, the area will be
- extended to the rightmost column of the longest line.
-
- If you want to highlight exactly the same area as the last time, you can use
- "gv" |gv| |v_gv|.
-
- *v_CTRL-C*
- CTRL-C In Visual mode: Stop Visual mode. When insert mode is
- pending (the mode message shows
- "-- (insert) VISUAL --"), it is also stopped.
-
- ==============================================================================
- 3. Changing the Visual area *visual-change*
-
- *v_o*
- o Go to Other end of highlighted text: The current
- cursor position becomes the start of the highlighted
- text and the cursor is moved to the other end of the
- highlighted text. The highlighted area remains the
- same.
-
- *v_O*
- O Go to Other end of highlighted text. This is like
- "o", but in Visual block mode the cursor moves to the
- other corner in the same line. When the corner is at
- a character that occupies more than one position on
- the screen (e.g., a <Tab>), the highlighted text may
- change.
-
- When the "$" command is used with blockwise Visual mode, the right end of the
- highlighted text will be determined by the longest highlighted line. This
- stops when a motion command is used that does not move straight up or down.
-
- For moving the end of the block many commands can be used, but you cannot
- use Ex commands, commands that make changes or abandon the file. Commands
- (starting with) ".pPiIaAO&", CTRL-^, "Z", CTRL-], CTRL-T, CTRL-R, CTRL-I
- and CTRL-O cause a beep and Visual mode continues.
-
-
- ==============================================================================
- 4. Operating on the Visual area *visual-operators*
-
- The operators that can be used are:
- ~ switch case |v_~|
- d delete |v_d|
- c change |v_c|
- y yank |v_y|
- > shift right (1)(*) |v_>|
- < shift left (1)(*) |v_<|
- ! filter through external command (1) |v_!|
- = filter through 'equalprg' option command (1) |v_=|
- gq format lines to 'textwidth' length (1) |v_gq|
-
- The objects that can be used are:
- aw a word (with white space) |v_aw|
- iw inner word |v_iw|
- aW a WORD (with white space) |v_aW|
- iW inner WORD |v_iW|
- as a sentence (with white space) |v_as|
- is inner sentence |v_is|
- ap a paragraph (with white space) |v_ap|
- ip inner paragraph |v_ip|
- ab a () block (with braces) |v_ab|
- ib inner () block |v_ib|
- aB a {} block (with brackets) |v_aB|
- iB inner {} block |v_iB|
-
- Additionally the following commands can be used:
- : start ex command for highlighted lines (1) |v_:|
- r change |v_r|
- s change |v_s|
- C change (2) |v_C|
- S change (2) |v_S|
- R change (2) |v_R|
- x delete |v_x|
- D delete (3) |v_D|
- X delete (2) |v_X|
- Y yank (2) |v_Y|
- J join (1) |v_J|
- U make uppercase |v_U|
- u make lowercase |v_u|
- ^] find tag |v_CTRL-]|
-
- (1): Always whole lines, see |:visual_example|.
- (2): Whole lines when not using CTRL-V.
- (3): Whole lines when not using CTRL-V, delete until the end of the line when
- using CTRL-V.
- (*): In a future a blockwise shift will move the block only, not whole
- lines.
-
- Note that the ":vmap" command can be used to specifically map keys in Visual
- mode.
-
- If you want to give a register name using the """ command, do this just before
- typing the operator character: "v{move-around}"xd".
-
- If you want to give a count to the command, do this just before typing the
- operator character: "v{move-around}3>" (move lines 3 indents to the right).
-
- *{move-around}*
- The {move-around} is any sequence of movement commands. Note the difference
- with {motion}, which is only ONE movement command.
-
- ==============================================================================
- 5. Repeating *visual-repeat*
-
- When repeating a Visual mode operator, the operator will be applied to the
- same amount of text as the last time:
- - Linewise Visual mode: The same number of lines.
- - Blockwise Visual mode: The same number of lines and columns.
- - Normal Visual mode within one line: The same number of characters.
- - Normal Visual mode with several lines: The same number of lines, in the
- last line the same number of characters as in the last line the last time.
- The start of the text is the Cursor position. If the "$" command was used as
- one of the last commands to extend the highlighted text, the repeating will
- be applied up to the rightmost column of the longest line.
-
-
- ==============================================================================
- 6. Examples *visual-examples*
-
- *:visual_example*
- Currently the ":" command works on whole lines only. When you select part of
- a line, doing something like ":!date" will replace the whole line. If you
- want only part of the line to be replaced you will have to make a mapping for
- it. In a future release ":" may work on partial lines.
-
- Here is an example, to replace the selected text with the output of "date":
- > :vmap _a <Esc>a<CR><Esc>`\<i<CR><Esc>!!date<CR>kJJ
-
- (In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you
- need to remove the 'B' and '<' flags from 'cpoptions')
-
- What this does is:
- <Esc> stop Visual mode
- a<CR><Esc> break the line after the Visual area
- `\< jump to the start of the Visual area
- i<CR><Esc> break the line before the Visual area
- !!date<CR> filter the Visual text through date
- kJJ Join the lines again
-
- *visual-search*
- Here is an idea for a mapping that makes it possible to do a search for the
- selected text:
- > :vmap X y/<C-R>"<CR>
-
- (In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you
- need to remove the 'B' and '<' flags from 'cpoptions')
-
- Note that special characters (like '.' and '*') will cause problems.
-
- vim:tw=78:ts=8:sw=8:
-